The Application and Challenges of International Humanitarian Law in Pakistan: Legal Framework and Practical Implications

Abstract

International Humanitarian Law (IHL), also known as the law of armed conflict, is designed to protect individuals during armed conflicts and limit the methods and means of warfare. This research explores the application and challenges of IHL in Pakistan. This country has been affected by both internal and external conflicts, particularly regarding its security situation along the borders and internal insurgencies. The study delves into the historical background of IHL in Pakistan, the incorporation of international treaties into domestic law, the role of national military and judicial authorities, and the challenges faced in ensuring compliance with IHL standards. It also highlights the key issues such as the protection of civilians, treatment of prisoners of war, and the response to non-state actors. By critically examining the effectiveness of Pakistan's legal infrastructure, the paper aims to provide insight into the gaps and propose possible reforms to enhance the implementation of IHL in line with international standards.