https://journals.centeriir.org/index.php/ilhr <p>The Journal of International Law and Human Rights stands as a beacon in the realm of academic research, illuminating critical intersections between legal frameworks and the safeguarding of human dignity worldwide.</p> <p>The primary focus of this academic journal is on international law and issues related to Human Rights but it also covers another field of law and supports interdisciplinary research. Its geographic scope is worldwide however primary focus is on Asia, particularly South Asia. Esteemed for its scholarly rigor and commitment to advancing discourse, this journal serves as a platform for groundbreaking analyses, insightful critiques, and innovative solutions within the dynamic fields of international law and human rights.</p> <p><strong>HEC RECOGNIZED JOURNAL IN Y CATEGORY </strong></p> <p><strong>Publisher:</strong> The Center of Innovation in Interdisciplinary Research (CIIR)</p> <p><strong>ISSN (P): </strong>3007-0120 <strong><br /></strong></p> <p><strong>ISSN (E): </strong>3007-0139</p> <p><strong>Frequency</strong>: Annual</p> <p><strong>Access:</strong> Open</p> <p><strong>Peer Review Process:</strong> Double-Blind</p> The Center of Innovation in Interdisciplinary Research (CIIR) en-US Journal of International Law & Human Rights 3007-0120 https://journals.centeriir.org/index.php/ilhr/article/view/121 <p>This article examines the impact of climate change on international legal frameworks, with a specific focus on Pakistan's vulnerability and the challenges it faces in addressing climate-induced impacts. Despite contributing minimally to global emissions, Pakistan is highly susceptible to the adverse effects of climate change, including water scarcity, agricultural disruptions, and extreme weather events. The study assesses the effectiveness of existing international climate agreements, such as the Paris Agreement and the UNFCCC, in supporting Pakistan’s climate goals and identifies the gaps in legal frameworks that hinder effective implementation. Key findings reveal that while international treaties provide a foundation for climate action, challenges such as limited financial resources, insufficient institutional capacity, and the lack of binding enforcement mechanisms continue to undermine Pakistan’s ability to meet its climate targets. Additionally, the study highlights the need for climate justice, emphasising the disproportionate impact on developing countries and the necessity for reparations from developed nations. The research also explores the intersection of climate change and human rights law, with a focus on the protection of vulnerable communities. The article concludes with recommendations for legal reforms, including the establishment of a binding climate reparations mechanism, revising the Indus Water Treaty, and enhancing regional cooperation to address transboundary climate issues. Ultimately, the study recommends the establishment of stronger international legal frameworks to improve Pakistan’s climate resilience and sustainable development.</p> Tara Devenport Aas Muhammad Muhammad Kashan Jamshaid Jibran Jamshed Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of International Law & Human Rights 2025-06-30 2025-06-30 4 1 32 49 10.62585/ilhr.v4i1.121 https://journals.centeriir.org/index.php/ilhr/article/view/118 <p>This study examines how institutional investors influence the market confidence in reestablishing transparency and accountability in corporate governance. It evaluates the impact of institutional investors on governance disclosure practices, accountability mechanisms, and the existence of regulatory gaps on market trust. It is through a synthesis of theory and practical policy implications. This study employs a comparative approach, utilising documentary analysis. It conducts a comparative study of the role of institutional investors in Pakistan and the EU, contrasting BlackRock’s proactive, ESG-driven climate advocacy with Vanguard’s passive engagement strategy to illustrate divergent stewardship models. This paper finds that institutional investors can significantly strengthen governance standards; however, their ability to effect change is often hindered by conflicting fiduciary interests, weak stewardship protocols, and inconsistent enforcement of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) requirements, particularly in emerging markets. Limitations that have been identified as major concerns include the lack of homogeneous disclosure rules, the absence of provisions for avoiding conflicts of interest, and the limited options for utilising collective shareholder action. The work suggests specific policy changes, such as the introduction of compulsory principles of stewardship, converged ESG reporting standards, and innovative ways of active and passive investor participation in governance.</p> Mohsin Raza Samza Fatima Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of International Law & Human Rights 2025-09-27 2025-09-27 4 1 01 31 10.62585/ilhr.v4i1.118